Chaire UNESCO Alimentations du monde

Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-11-03T13:12:33Z

Où nous sommes invités à considérer l'alimentation comme un objet multidimensionnel : nous découvrons ainsi comment les différentes disciplines scientifiques ont croisé leurs regards sur l'alimentation pour créer une vision partagée de ce sujet d'étude et de ses enjeux.

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Walser Marie, Système alimentaire, Holistique, Français, Chapitre de l'ouvrage, Depuis 2020, Chapitre d'ouvrage, Louvin Jean-Marc, holisme, nutritionnisme, Matrice alimentaire

The new nutrition science project

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-10-27T14:18:43Z

To show that nutrition science, with its application to food and nutrition policy, now needs a new conceptual framework. This will incorporate nutrition in its current definition as principally a biological science, now including nutritional aspects of genomics. It will also create new governing and guiding principles ; specify a new definition ; and add social and environmental dimensions and domains.

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Article scientifique, Système alimentaire, Holistique, Anglais, Ressources hors Chaire, Avant 2014, Cannon Geoffrey , Leitzmann Claus

Sociologies de l'alimentation

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-10-27T14:03:09Z

« La façon dont les hommes conçoivent la satisfaction de leurs besoins alimentaires ne saurait se réduire à de strictes logiques utilitaires ou technologiques. L'alimentation a une fonction structurante de l'organisation sociale d'un groupe humain. Qu'il s'agisse des activités de production, de distribution, de préparation, de consommation, elle est un objet crucial du savoir socio-anthropologique. »

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Poulain Jean-Pierre, Ouvrage, Consommation, Sociale, Français, Ressources hors Chaire, Avant 2014

Introduction à la pensée complexe

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-10-27T13:58:31Z

Nous demandons à la pensée qu'elle dissipe les brouillards et les obscurités, qu'elle mette de l'ordre et de la clarté dans le réel, qu'elle révèle les lois qui le gouvernent. Le mot de complexité, lui, ne peut qu'exprimer notre embarras, notre confusion, notre incapacité à définir de façon simple, à nommer de façon claire, à ordonner nos idées. Sa définition première ne peut fournir aucune élucidation : est complexe ce qui ne peut se résumer en un maître mot, ce qui ne peut se ramener à une loi ni se réduire à une idée simple. La complexité est un mot problème et non un mot solution.

Edgar Morin propose ici un mode de pensée pour affronter la complexité du monde qui nous entoure.

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Ouvrage, Holistique, Français, Ressources hors Chaire, Avant 2014, Morin Edgar

Sustainable diets. How ecological nutrition can transform consumption and the food system

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-10-27T13:57:30Z

How can huge populations be fed healthily, equitably and affordably while maintaining the ecosystems on which life depends ? The evidence of diet's impact on public health and the environment has grown in recent decades, yet changing food supply, consumer habits and economic aspirations proves hard.

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Ouvrage, Système alimentaire, Holistique, Anglais, Ressources hors Chaire, De 2017 à 2020, Mason Pamela, Lang Tim

The new science of sustainable food systems : overcoming barriers to food systems reform

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-10-27T13:55:52Z

To accelerate the shift towards sustainable food systems, a new science of sustainable food systems is needed. This paper traces out the contours of a new analytical framework for sustainable food systems (Section 1). It then describes the principles of transdisciplinary science that must be applied in order to generate the types of knowledge that can support the transition to sustainable food systems (Section 2). Finally, it considers previous and ongoing attempts to address sustainable food systems at the interface of science, policy and practice, in order to identify where initiatives have succeeded, where challenges remain, and how these energies can be harnessed and combined to support the transition to sustainable food systems (Section 3).

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Rapport/synthèse, Système alimentaire, Holistique, Anglais, Ressources hors Chaire, De 2014 à 2017

Transforming food systems with agroecology

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-10-27T13:52:34Z

Agroecology is a way of redesigning food systems, from the farm to the table, with a goal of achieving ecological, economic, and social sustainability. Through transdisciplinary, participatory, and change-oriented research and action, agroecology links together science, practice, and movements focused on social change. But what are the steps that must be taken to transform food systems toward the ultimate goal of sustainability, and away from the mounting evidence of the negative impacts on the environment and society caused by modern industrial agriculture ?

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Article scientifique, Système alimentaire, Environnementale, Anglais, Ressources hors Chaire, De 2014 à 2017, Gliessman Steve

Présentation du numéro 31 de la revue Communications « La nourriture, pour une anthropologie bioculturelle de l'alimentation »

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-10-27T13:47:59Z

"L'homme est un omnivore qui se nourrit de viande, de végétaux et d'imaginaire : l'alimentation ramène à la biologie mais, de toute évidence, elle ne s'y ramène pas ; le symbolique et l'onirique, les signes, les mythes, les fantasmes nourrissent, eux aussi, et ils concourent à régler notre nourriture. Dans l'acte alimentaire, homme biologique et homme social sont étroitement, mystérieusement, mêlés et intriqués."

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Fischler Claude, Article scientifique, Consommation, Holistique, Français, Ressources hors Chaire, Avant 2014

Toward a new philosophy of preventive nutrition : from a reductionist to a holistic paradigm to improve nutritional recommendations

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-10-27T13:43:38Z

The reductionist approach has been predominant to date in human nutrition research and has unraveled some of the fundamental mechanisms at the basis of food nutrients (e.g., those that involve deficiency diseases). In Western countries, along with progress in medicine and pharmacology, the reductionist approach helped to increase life expectancy. However, despite 40 y of research in nutrition, epidemics of obesity and diabetes are growing each year worldwide, both in developed and developing countries, leading to a decrease in healthy life years. Yet, interactions between nutrition-health relations cannot be modeled on the basis of a linear cause-effect relation between 1 food compound and 1 physiologic effect but rather from multicausal nonlinear relations. In other words, explaining the whole from the specific by a bottom-up reductionist approach has its limits. A top-down approach becomes necessary to investigate complex issues through a holistic view before addressing any specific question to explain the whole. However, it appears that both approaches are necessary and mutually reinforcing. In this review, Eastern and Western research perspectives are first presented, laying out bases for what could be the consequences of applying a reductionist versus holistic approach to research in nutrition vis-à-vis public health, environmental sustainability, breeding, biodiversity, food science and processing, and physiology for improving nutritional recommendations. Therefore, research that replaces reductionism with a more holistic approach will reveal global and efficient solutions to the problems encountered from the field to the plate. Preventive human nutrition can no longer be considered as “pharmacology” or foods as “drugs.”

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Article scientifique, Consommation, Biologique, Anglais, Ressources hors Chaire, De 2014 à 2017, Fardet Anthony, Rock Edmond

When food systems meet sustainability – Current narratives and implications for actions

Mathilde COUDRAY — 2021-10-27T13:39:31Z

The concept of food system has gained prominence in recent years amongst both scholars and policy-makers. Experts from diverse disciplines and backgrounds have in particular discussed the nature and origin of the “unsustainability” of our modern food systems. These efforts tend, however, to be framed within distinctive disciplinary narratives. In this paper we propose to explore these narratives and to shed light on the explicit -or implicit- epistemological assumptions, mental models, and disciplinary paradigms that underpin those. The analysis indicates that different views and interpretations prevail amongst experts about the nature of the “crisis”, and consequently about the research and priorities needed to “fix” the problem. We then explore how sustainability is included in these different narratives and the link to the question of healthy diets. The analysis reveals that the concept of sustainability, although widely used by all the different communities of practice, remains poorly defined, and applied in different ways and usually based on a relatively narrow interpretation. In so doing we argue that current attempts to equate or subsume healthy diets within sustainability in the context of food system may be misleading and need to be challenged. We stress that trade-offs between different dimensions of food system sustainability are unavoidable and need to be navigated in an explicit manner when developing or implementing sustainable food system initiatives. Building on this overall analysis, a framework structured around several entry points including outcomes, core activities, trade-offs and feedbacks is then proposed, which allows to identify key elements necessary to support the transition toward sustainable food systems.

- Décloisonner les savoirs sur l'alimentation / Article scientifique, Système alimentaire, Holistique, Anglais, Ressources hors Chaire, De 2017 à 2020, Lamotte Léa , Béné Christophe, Oosterveer Peter